نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 استاد گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، پژوهشکده امنیت ملی، دانشگاه و پژوهشگاه عالی دفاع ملی و تحقیقات راهبردی، تهران، ایران
4 دبیر گروه حقوق و دیپلماسی، پژوهشکده امنیت ملی، دانشگاه و پژوهشگاه عالی دفاع ملی و تحقیقات راهبردی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Today, the terms ‘occupation’ (ishghāl) and ’belligerent occupation‘ (eshghāl-garī) have become pervasive in political discourse, international law, and public opinion due to the aggressive actions of the Zionist regime and its allies—actions marked by widespread violence and crimes against humanity. The complexity of this concept’s structure, particularly in its international and jurisprudential dimensions, is undeniable. In international law, this phenomenon is defined through multiple frameworks, including military domination over another sovereign state’s territory, imposition of power over a foreign land, and appropriation of terra nullius. In Islamic legal tradition, it is analyzed under the term ’iḥtilāl‘ (forcible seizure) and may also be conceptualized as ’military aggression’ (tahājum-e nezāmī) or ’armed encroachment’ (taʿarruḍ-i musallaḥ). Despite the long history of Muslim societies confronting this phenomenon—from the early Islamic era to the present—no comprehensive legal framework has been developed to address it. The present study examines the nature of occupation and the philosophy of jihād to analyze Islam’s stance on belligerent occupation. By referencing the Seerah (path) of Imam Ali (AS) and the opinions of Islamic jurists, it elucidates the Islamic legal system’s approach to this issue. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that, from Imam Ali’s (AS) perspective, confronting an occupying enemy is permissible solely through military struggle and resistance (mubārizah and muqāwamah), as any appeasement or compromise with aggressors ultimately harms the Muslim community. This resolute position stems from Imam Ali’s (AS) profound insight into the expansionist nature of occupiers and the devastating consequences of capitulation.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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