Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) advisory opinion in the case concerning Minority Schools in Albania (6 April 1935) is considered to be the most significant turning point in the international protection of minorities. Being written thorough a descriptive-analytic method and desk research, this paper aims at analyzing the grounds for the necessity of protecting minorities in the lights of this advisory opinion while referring to Islamic views and Nahj-al-Balaghah. PCIJ has emphasized the necessity of the realization of equality in fact between the minority and the majority, preservation of identity-related features of minority groups and securing amicable relations between the minority and the majority population as interlocked and intertwined goals. Based on this viewpoint, transition from formal equality to substantial equality, safeguarding cultural diversity and maintenance of global peace and security are the grounds which justify the reason for protecting minorities in this discourse and clarify its necessity. Furthermore, given the nature of Dhimmah agreement, life conduct of the Prophet (PUH) and Imam Ali (AS) as well as Nahj-al-Balaghah, Islam has attempted in order that non-Muslim be able to preserve their distinctive identity, the scourge of conflict and violence be avoided in the Islamic community, and the Zemmis can become the citizen of the Islamic state and enjoy human rights equal to other members of the society. According to the findings of the paper, there is a relative conformity and compatibility between human rights discourse and Islamic thoughts in the philosophy of minority protection.