Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
10.22084/nahj.2025.30617.3163
Abstract
The conceptual metaphor theory models cognitive structures based on linguistic tools and explains the perception of abstract concepts through cognitive mapping. Nahj al-Balagha employs this mechanism, representing abstract concepts through sensory and embodied experiences. This study, using a qualitative textual analysis approach, examines the conceptual metaphors of “heart,” “tongue,” and “hand” in the aphorisms of Nahj al-Balagha and analyzes their social, cultural, and philosophical dimensions. The main issue addressed is the explanation of the role of these concepts in language and their reflection in social thought and behavior. The objective of the study is to investigate the function of body parts as conceptual symbols and analyze the relationship between human emotions and metaphorical imagery in the words of Imam Ali(AS). The theoretical foundations are based on Lakoff and Johnson’s cognitive mapping theories, as well as Kövecses and Unger’s discussions on the transfer of abstract meaning from the concrete. The results indicate that the metaphors of “heart,” “tongue,” and “hand” in Nahj al-Balagha play profound psychological and social roles in addition to their linguistic functions. “Heart,” as the center of emotions, faith, and will, is associated with concepts such as sincerity and love. “Tongue” symbolizes verbal power, social responsibility, and influence in human and political relationships, while “hand” represents concepts such as power, justice, and will. The results of analyses show that these metaphors move from the concrete to the abstract, reflecting Imam Ali’s deep insights into human characteristics. The results highlight the importance of linguistic schemas in the analysis of religious texts showing that understanding these metaphors leads to a deeper comprehension of social, philosophical, and psychological structures.
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