Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
PhD student in Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
2
Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
Abstract
In pragmatics, the process of conveying meaning to an audience is carried out considering the circumstances of both
In pragmatics, the process of conveying meaning to an audience is carried out considering the circumstances of both parties in the conversation. In an effort to understand the hidden meanings within speech, George Yule (Scottish-American linguist) presented his theory of presupposition, categorized under six branches: existential, factive, non-factive, counterfactual, structural, and lexical presuppositions. In the words of Imam Ali (AH), using this modern linguistic approach, the function of the hidden meanings of speech can be well analyzed and interpreted alongside the explicit meanings in the significant historical events and junctures of that time. Throughout this great work, existential presuppositions can be clearly observed in the form of possessive constructions and definite nouns, factive presuppositions in verbs synonymous with understanding and knowing, non-factive presuppositions in verbs of conjecture and imagination, lexical presuppositions in verbs that indicate revolution and spiritual transformation of individuals, counterfactual presuppositions in the form of conditional particles, and structural presuppositions in the consolidation of information through specific interrogative tools or attributive and quasi-attributive sentences. The purpose of this descriptive-analytical research is to examine and discover the unspoken aspects of Imam Ali’s words in the form of Yule’s presupposition theory. The finding of the current research is that, within the limited cases studied, the role of political and cultural conditions, the audience’s position, and their perception are considered in the purposeful unspoken expressions of Imam Ali in Nahj al-Balagha.
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